The term "bootstrap program" refers to the software that starts up a computer. The spelling of this word can be explained using IPA phonetic transcription, which indicates that the first syllable is pronounced /ˈbuːt/, rhyming with "mute," and the second syllable is pronounced /ˌstræp ˈproʊɡræm/, with the stress falling on the second and fifth syllables. The spelling of this term may be confusing because it includes a compound word "bootstrap," representing a process by which the system activates and configures itself automatically.
A bootstrap program, also known as a boot loader or bootstrap loader, refers to the initial software routine that runs when a computer system is powered on or restarted. It resides in the computer's firmware or read-only memory (ROM) and is responsible for initializing the hardware components and loading the operating system (OS) into the computer's main memory, from where it can be executed.
The primary function of a bootstrap program is to carry out a series of low-level procedures that enable the system to transition from a powered-off state to an operational state. These procedures typically involve a self-test of the computer's hardware, initializing the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and other peripheral devices. Once the hardware has been initialized, the bootstrap program locates and loads the OS kernel, which is the core part of an operating system, into the main memory. It transfers control to the loaded OS kernel, allowing it to take over and start executing higher-level software programs.
The term "bootstrap" originates from the saying "to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps" and is used metaphorically to describe the self-starting nature of a bootstrap program. The bootstrap program is an essential component of the booting process, enabling the computer system to become operational and ready to execute user applications.
The term "bootstrap program" originates from the phrase "to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps". This phrase refers to the act of achieving success or improving one's situation through one's own efforts, without assistance from others. The concept of bootstrapping in the field of computing relates to the process of starting up a computer by loading a small program that then loads and initializes the rest of the operating system. This initial program, responsible for launching the computer and loading subsequent software, was referred to as the "bootstrap program" due to its ability to "pull itself up" and initiate the system.