A book of hours is a devotional manuscript that originated in the Middle Ages, typically used for private prayer and meditation. It is a beautifully illuminated manuscript that contains a collection of prayers, psalms, and biblical passages, organized according to the liturgical hours of the day. The purpose of these books was to guide laypeople in practicing daily prayers, often in imitation of monastic communities.
The distinctive feature of a book of hours is its arrangement of content according to the eight canonical hours of the medieval liturgy: Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. Each section is accompanied by a set of prayers and meditations appropriate for that particular hour. Noteworthy is the inclusion of "miniatures" or elaborate illustrations that often depict biblical scenes, saints, or seasonal events, intended to aid in contemplation and devotion. These illuminations were typically adorned with colorful pigments, gold leaf, and intricate decorative designs.
During the medieval period, book of hours became increasingly popular among the laity, including nobility and wealthy individuals, as they provided a means of connecting with the divine in a more personal and accessible manner. Their widespread popularity led to various sizes, styles, and regional variations in the manuscripts' design. Many surviving examples remain today, reflecting the remarkable craftsmanship and spiritual significance of these manuscripts. In modern times, book of hours continue to captivate scholars, art enthusiasts, and devotees of medieval history and religious practices.
