Body temperature change refers to any alteration in the normal temperature of the human body, which is typically maintained within a narrow range for optimal physiological functioning. The body temperature is controlled by the thermoregulatory system, which constantly maintains thermal equilibrium through various mechanisms.
An increase in body temperature is known as hyperthermia, which can be caused by factors such as fever, infections, environmental heat exposure, and certain medical conditions. Hyperthermia can lead to symptoms like sweating, fatigue, dizziness, and, in severe cases, heat stroke. Conversely, a decrease in body temperature is called hypothermia, usually resulting from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Hypothermia can cause symptoms such as shivering, confusion, slowed heart rate, and, in extreme cases, loss of consciousness or even death.
Body temperature changes can also be induced intentionally, such as in certain medical treatments or investigations. For instance, fever is often induced during hyperthermic therapies to selectively kill cancer cells or enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Similarly, hypothermia can be induced deliberately in certain surgical procedures to reduce the metabolic rate and protect organs during prolonged periods without blood flow.
Monitoring body temperature changes is crucial in diagnosing and managing various medical conditions, as it serves as a vital sign indicating the body's response to infections, inflammation, or other abnormal processes. Factors like age, time of day, physical activity, and hormonal fluctuations can also influence body temperature fluctuations.
