Blue Eared Pig Disease, also known as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic pigs primarily. It is caused by the PRRS virus, which belongs to the Arteriviridae family. This disease is characterized by reproductive disorders in pregnant sows and respiratory problems in both pigs of all ages and infected boars.
The disease gets its name "Blue Eared Pig Disease" from one of its significant clinical symptoms, cyanosis, or the bluish discoloration of the ears, snout, and extremities. Infected pigs may also display other symptoms like high fever, reduced appetite, lethargy, and labored breathing.
The disease spreads through direct contact with infected pigs, as well as through contaminated objects, vehicles, and even airborne transmission over short distances. Farm personnel or other animals can also act as carriers of the virus, facilitating its spread to susceptible animals.
Blue Eared Pig Disease poses a substantial economic burden to the swine industry, as it results in increased mortality rates, reduced reproductive efficiency, decreased growth rates, and compromised pig health. Vaccines are available for control and prevention, but their effectiveness varies depending on the strain of the virus and the timing of vaccination. Biosecurity measures such as strict hygiene practices, quarantine protocols, and segregation of infected animals are crucial for minimizing the spread of this disease.
Efforts to control and eradicate Blue Eared Pig Disease have been ongoing worldwide due to its impact on the swine industry.
