Blood platelet disorder refers to a medical condition characterized by abnormal functioning or deficiency of blood platelets, also known as thrombocytes. Platelets are tiny cells in the blood that are responsible for clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. A disruption in their normal functioning can lead to various platelet disorders.
One common type of platelet disorder is thrombocytopenia, characterized by a low platelet count. This deficiency can occur due to a decreased production of platelets in the bone marrow, increased destruction of platelets, or a combination of both. Thrombocytopenia can result in easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, and spontaneous bleeding.
Another type of platelet disorder is thrombocythemia, which involves excessive production of platelets. This condition can lead to excessive clotting and may result in increased risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. Symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, fainting, and vision problems.
Platelet function disorders refer to conditions where the platelets are not functioning normally despite their normal count. In these disorders, platelets may fail to adhere to blood vessel walls or to form clots properly. This can lead to excessive bleeding, both internally and externally, such as nosebleeds, heavy menstrual periods, and bleeding gums.
Treatment for blood platelet disorders depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. It may include medication to stimulate platelet production, transfusions of platelets, or medications to control clotting. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the spleen or to treat associated complications.
