The phrase "bitterly cold" is commonly used to describe extreme cold temperatures. The word "bitterly" is pronounced as /ˈbɪ.tər.li/ in IPA phonetics, with the stress on the first syllable. The letter 'i' is pronounced as a short 'i' sound, and the 'er' combination is pronounced like the 'ir' in the word "bird." The 'ly' ending is pronounced as a separate syllable with a short 'i.' The word "cold" is pronounced as /kəʊld/, with the stress on the first syllable, and the letter 'o' is pronounced as a long 'o' sound.
Bitterly cold is an adjective phrase that describes an extreme level of coldness or freezing temperatures that are deeply unpleasant or uncomfortable. It refers to a state of severe coldness, causing intense discomfort and a significant drop in temperature. The term "bitterly" emphasizes the harshness and intensity of the cold weather.
When used to characterize weather or a climate, bitterly cold indicates that the temperature has fallen to a level that is significantly colder than normal or expected. This expression is often subjective, as what may be considered bitterly cold to one person may differ from another's perception due to varying levels of tolerance. However, it generally implies that the conditions are extreme and extreme precautions should be taken to protect oneself from the cold.
In bitterly cold conditions, individuals may experience physical discomfort, such as shivering, numbness, and difficulty in maintaining body heat. It often requires wearing multiple layers of warm clothing, such as heavy coats, gloves, hats, and scarves.
Regions that commonly experience bitterly cold weather include polar and sub-polar regions, as well as some temperate regions during winter. Strong winds and low wind chill factors can further intensify the perception of coldness, adding to the bitterly cold conditions.
Overall, bitterly cold signifies an exceptional level of cold, typically characterized by extreme discomfort and the need for extra precautions to stay warm and protected.
The etymology of the word "bitterly cold" can be understood by examining the roots of each word individually:
1. Bitter:
- The word "bitter" originates from the Old English word "biter", which can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic word "bitraz" and the Proto-Indo-European word "bheid-". Both of these ancestral forms carry the meaning of "biting" or "sharp".
- Over time, "bitter" extended its meaning to include not only tastes but also emotions or conditions that evoke a sense of biting, harshness, or unpleasantness.
2. Cold:
- The word "cold" has Germanic origins and has remained relatively consistent in its meaning since its early etymological forms. It can be linked to the Old English word "cald" and the Old Norse word "kaldr".