Biopsy is a medical procedure involving the removal of a small sample of cells, tissues, or fluids from the body for examination under a microscope. It is primarily performed by medical professionals such as surgeons, radiologists, or other specialists in order to diagnose and monitor various diseases, conditions, or abnormalities. The word "biopsy" is derived from the Greek words "bio," meaning life, and "opsis," meaning sight.
The purpose of a biopsy is to obtain essential information about the composition, structure, and function of the cells or tissues in question. This information can help doctors determine the presence and nature of diseases such as cancer, infections, autoimmune disorders, or other pathological conditions. Biopsies can be conducted on various parts of the body, ranging from skin, organs, bones, to even bodily fluids like blood or urine.
There are different types of biopsies, each tailored to the specific needs of the patient and the suspected condition. Examples include needle biopsies, where a hollow needle is used to extract cells or tissues; surgical biopsies, involving the removal of larger samples through surgical procedures; and imaging-guided biopsies, where advanced imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT, or MRI are used to precisely target the biopsy site.
Upon retrieval of the biopsy sample, it is sent to a pathology laboratory, where skilled professionals called pathologists analyze it microscopically. The results of the biopsy provide crucial information that aids in diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment options for the patient. Biopsy procedures are generally safe, but like any medical procedure, there are potential risks involved which are typically rare and outweighed by the potential benefits of an accurate diagnosis.
