BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION Meaning and
Definition
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Biological remediation refers to a process that utilizes biological organisms or their byproducts to reduce, remove, or neutralize harmful substances or pollutants present in the environment. It is a form of environmental remediation, which aims to restore contaminated areas to their natural, unpolluted state.
The key concept behind biological remediation is the ability of certain biological agents, such as microorganisms, plants, or enzymes, to degrade or transform pollutants into less harmful or non-toxic forms. This process often occurs naturally in the environment but can also be facilitated or enhanced through human intervention.
Microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, are commonly used in biological remediation due to their ability to break down various organic and inorganic contaminants. These microorganisms possess specific enzymes that enable them to metabolize or break apart hazardous substances, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, or solvents.
Plants are another essential component of biological remediation. They not only assist in the uptake and accumulation of pollutants in their tissues but also contribute to the degradation of contaminants through their root exudates that stimulate microbial activity in the rhizosphere.
Biological remediation techniques are often employed in environmental cleanup efforts, such as the restoration of contaminated soil, groundwater, or air. The advantages of biological remediation include its cost-effectiveness, environmentally-friendly nature, and potential for long-term sustainability. However, the success of biological remediation depends on various factors, including the type and concentration of pollutants, environmental conditions, and the suitability and availability of appropriate biological agents.
Etymology of BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
The word "biological" is derived from the Greek words "bios" meaning "life" and "logos" meaning "study" or "knowledge". Therefore, "biological" refers to anything related to the study or knowledge of life forms.
The term "remediation" is derived from the Latin word "remediare" meaning "to remedy" or "to heal". It is the act of addressing or correcting a problem or a harmful situation.
Hence, "biological remediation" combines the terms "biological" and "remediation" to refer to the use of living organisms or their actions to restore, clean, or eliminate pollutants, contaminants, or generally detrimental substances from the environment.
