Beta-blockers, also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, belong to a class of medications that work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other stress hormones on the body's beta receptors. These receptors are found in various tissues including the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
The primary use of beta-blockers is to reduce the heart rate and lower blood pressure, making them effective in treating conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension), angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders. By slowing down the heart rate, these medications help to decrease the oxygen demand of the heart, thus preventing or reducing the severity of chest pain in patients with angina. Additionally, beta-blockers can be prescribed for heart failure to improve symptoms and enhance survival.
These medications can also be useful in managing certain anxiety disorders, such as performance anxiety or social phobia, as they help control physical symptoms associated with anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat, trembling, or sweating.
It is important to note that beta-blockers should be used under medical supervision, as they may have side effects including fatigue, dizziness, cold hands and feet, and sexual dysfunction. They may also mask the symptoms of low blood sugar in diabetic patients. Additionally, abrupt discontinuation of beta-blockers can lead to rebound effects, including increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Therefore, it is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and not stop taking these medications without medical advice.
