The word "behar" is a transliterated version of the Albanian word "bjeshkë". The correct IPA transcription of this word is [bjɛʃk], pronounced with a soft "b" followed by a "y" sound, and an "sh" sound. The unusual spelling of this word may cause confusion for those unfamiliar with Albanian pronunciation, as the "h" is silent and the "e" is pronounced as the letter "e" in the English alphabet. As with all transliterated words, it is important to understand the correct pronunciation to communicate effectively with speakers of the original language.
The term "behar" is a noun, specifically referring to a measure of time in the ancient Hebrew calendar system. In biblical times, the Hebrew calendar contained twelve months based on lunar cycles, with the addition of occasional intercalary months to align with the solar year. Each month consisted of either 29 or 30 days, and every seventh year, a sabbatical year, known as the "shmita" year, was observed, during which the agricultural land lay fallow and debts were released.
Within this calendar, a "behar" refers to a period of seven "shmita" years, effectively totaling 49 years. The term can also be found in the biblical book of Leviticus, specifically in the context of the Jubilee year, which occurs after a full cycle of "behar." During this Jubilee year, land that had been transferred between families was returned to its original owners, providing an opportunity for restoration and redistribution.
The notion of "behar" holds significant importance in Jewish religious tradition, linking cycles of time, land tenure, and debt relief. It highlights the principles of justice, equality, and restoration within the community. While the practical observance of the ancient Hebrew calendar has evolved and adapted over time, the concept of "behar" serves as a reminder of the religious and social principles embodied in the biblical texts, emphasizing the value of rest, renewal, and the equitable distribution of resources.
The word "behar" has its origins in the Albanian language. It comes from the Old Albanian word "behār" which means "summer". The word has stayed relatively unchanged throughout the centuries and is still used in modern Albanian today with the same meaning.