BATTLE OF CASTILLON Meaning and
Definition
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The Battle of Castillon refers to a significant military confrontation that took place on July 17, 1453, during the final stages of the Hundred Years' War between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. It occurred near the town of Castillon-la-Bataille in southwestern France.
In this historic engagement, the forces of France, led by Jean Bureau and composed predominantly of the emerging standing army known as l'ordonnance, confronted the English army commanded by the Earl of Shrewsbury, John Talbot. The battle marked the climax and decisive turning point of the Hundred Years' War by ensuring French dominance over English territories in Aquitaine.
The French army, employing effective artillery tactics, launched a concentrated bombardment against entrenched English troops. Utilizing an innovative combination of cannons and archers, the French successfully dislodged the English longbowmen from their superior positions. The outcome of the battle was further influenced by a fierce cavalry charge led by Charles VII's son, the dauphin Louis (the future Louis XI). Ultimately, the French were able to annihilate or capture a considerable portion of the English army, including the Earls of Shrewsbury and Somerset, who perished in the conflict.
The Battle of Castillon is recognized for its historical significance; it marked the end of the Hundred Years' War and solidified French domination over Aquitaine. The battle is often considered as one of the first instances where gunpowder artillery and archery played a substantial role in deciding the outcome of a military engagement.
