Basilar Steal Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal flow of blood in the posterior circulation of the brain. It occurs when there is a diversion of blood from the basilar artery, which is located at the base of the brain. This diversion occurs due to the presence of a significant narrowing or blockage in one of the vertebral arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis or the formation of a blood clot.
The condition is referred to as "steal" because blood is redirected from its normal course, usually away from the posterior circulation to supply other blood vessels in the brain that are experiencing reduced blood flow. This diversion results in a decrease in the blood supply to the brainstem and the cerebellum, which can lead to various neurological symptoms.
Common symptoms of Basilar Steal Syndrome may include vertigo, dizziness, ataxia (loss of coordination), blurred vision, speech difficulty, and even transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the degree of blood flow diversion and the individual's overall health.
Diagnosis of Basilar Steal Syndrome often involves a clinical assessment, medical history evaluation, and imaging studies such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment options may include medication to manage symptoms, blood thinners to prevent clot formation, or in severe cases, surgical intervention to restore normal blood flow.
Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications, such as recurrent TIAs or strokes, which can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. Regular monitoring and lifestyle modifications are often recommended to manage risk factors associated with Basilar Steal Syndrome, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking.
