Basilar artery ischemia refers to a medical condition characterized by a lack of blood flow to the basilar artery, resulting in inadequate oxygen supply to the brainstem and posterior part of the brain. The basilar artery is a major blood vessel located in the posterior circulation of the brain, supplying vital areas responsible for controlling essential functions such as respiration, consciousness, and coordination.
Ischemia occurs when there is a blockage or narrowing of the blood vessels supplying the brain, often due to a blood clot or atherosclerosis, a condition marked by the build-up of fatty deposits on the artery walls. This restricted blood flow to the basilar artery can lead to the development of a variety of symptoms, including dizziness, difficulty speaking, vision problems, difficulty swallowing, loss of balance, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.
Basilar artery ischemias are considered a serious medical emergency, requiring immediate medical attention, as they can lead to severe, irreversible brain damage and even death if not treated promptly. Diagnosis usually involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment may vary depending on the underlying cause, but often involves the administration of blood-thinning medications to dissolve the clot, or in more severe cases, surgical interventions such as angioplasty or thrombectomy.
Overall, basilar artery ischemias pose a significant threat to brain function and require urgent medical intervention to minimize potential neurological damage.
