BARBERSHOP MUSIC Meaning and
Definition
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Barbershop music is a form of a cappella four-part vocal harmony characterized by close harmonies and distinctive chord progressions. It is labeled as "barbershop" due to its roots in the primarily male-oriented barbershop quartets that emerged in the early 20th century in the United States. This style of music is often associated with nostalgic Americana, as it gained popularity during the early 1900s and remained a prominent part of American music culture in subsequent decades.
The defining features of barbershop music include four voices harmonizing in close proximity, with the lead melody in the second-highest voice, tenor providing a high harmony, baritone creating supporting harmonies, and bass providing the fundamental foundation. These voice parts blend together to produce a unique sound that is characterized by tight harmonies, ringing chords, and consistent vocal production.
Barbershop music utilizes specific chord structures, often incorporating dominant seventh chords and extended chords. It also employs techniques such as "ringing," where chords are sustained to create a resonant "buzzing" effect, and "tags," short musical phrases that often conclude a song, add variety, and display the virtuosity of the performers.
Barbershop music is typically performed without instrumental accompaniment, relying solely on vocal techniques to create harmonies and convey emotion. It encompasses a wide range of musical genres, including jazz standards, popular songs from various eras, and religious hymns. Its distinct style, engaging harmonies, and nostalgic charm have made barbershop music a cherished form of vocal expression enjoyed by both performers and audiences alike.
Etymology of BARBERSHOP MUSIC
The word "barbershop" in relation to music comes from the practice of barbershops being gathering places for socializing and entertainment. In the mid-19th century, barbershops were popular hubs where men would gather to get their haircuts, discuss current events, and enjoy music. At that time, a style of close-harmony singing emerged, which became associated with these barbershops.
The origin of the term "barbershop quartet" is often attributed to an 1882 incident in Topeka, Kansas. A group of four men, also known as a quartet, gathered in a barbershop to sing in close harmony while waiting for their haircuts. They sang so well that the term "barbershop quartet" was coined to describe this particular style of singing.
