BARBARA MCCLINTOCK Meaning and
Definition
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Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) was an American scientist and one of the foremost geneticists of the 20th century. She is best known for her groundbreaking work in the field of cytogenetics and her discovery of genetic transposition or "jumping genes."
McClintock was born in Connecticut and earned her Ph.D. in botany from Cornell University in 1927. She began studying chromosomes and genetics early in her career and made significant contributions in the understanding of maize cytogenetics. McClintock's key discovery came in the 1940s when she observed the movement of genetic material within chromosomes in maize plants. She named these mobile elements "transposons" or "jumping genes."
Her groundbreaking research laid the foundation for modern genetics and challenged the prevailing belief at the time that genes were static entities. McClintock's work was met with skepticism initially, but her theories were eventually embraced by the scientific community. In 1983, she became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of transposons.
Beyond her contributions to science, McClintock was also known for her dedication to female empowerment and mentoring young scientists. She was a staunch advocate for women's rights in academia and paved the way for future generations of female scientists. Her legacy continues to inspire and her work remains highly influential in the field of genetics and molecular biology.
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