Balanitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and irritation of the glans penis, which is the rounded end of the penis and the external opening of the urethra. This inflammation typically affects the foreskin (prepuce) when present. Balanitis can also extend to involve the shaft of the penis, making it more uncomfortable and painful.
There are various causes of balanitis, including poor hygiene, irritation from soaps or detergents, fungal or bacterial infections, allergic reactions, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes. Symptoms of balanitis may include redness, swelling, itching, pain or soreness, discharge, and difficulty retracting the foreskin. In severe cases, there may be ulceration or cracks on the affected area.
To diagnose balanitis, doctors may perform a physical examination, analyze the medical history, and sometimes conduct laboratory tests on any discharge or skin samples. Treatment of balanitis depends on the underlying cause. It may include improved hygiene practices, such as washing the area gently with warm water and mild soap, avoiding irritants, and keeping the area clean and dry. In cases caused by infection, antifungal or antibiotic medications may be prescribed. If the balanitis is recurrent or chronic, circumcision may be recommended.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of balanitis help alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and ensure a healthy genital region.
