Baikal refers to Lake Baikal, which is the largest freshwater lake by volume in the world, located in southern Siberia, Russia. It is often described as the "Pearl of Siberia" due to its stunning natural beauty and remarkable biodiversity.
Lake Baikal spans an impressive area of approximately 31,722 square kilometers (over 12,000 square miles) and has a maximum depth of 1,642 meters (5,387 feet). It is formed by a rift zone, which is an area where the Earth's crust is slowly pulling apart, resulting in the creation of a deep and elongated basin.
Baikal holds around 20% of the world's unfrozen freshwater and is incredibly clear, with its waters boasting exceptional transparency. Its unique geological and hydrological features have made it a crucial scientific research site, providing valuable insights into the Earth's processes.
The lake's waters are renowned for their purity and have made it a sanctuary for numerous species found nowhere else on Earth. Baikal is home to more than 1,700 endemic plant and animal species, including the Nerpa seal, the world's only exclusively freshwater seal.
As a popular tourist destination, Lake Baikal attracts visitors from around the globe. It offers a range of activities such as hiking, camping, and fishing, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in its breathtaking landscapes and enjoy its rich biodiversity. Lake Baikal's natural and cultural significance led to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
