Bacillus proteus is a species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria commonly found in soil, feces, and various environmental sources. It is a type of bacillus belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. The name "proteus" is derived from the Greek god Proteus, known for his ability to change shape, which reflects the diverse morphological forms of this bacteria compared to other species in the genus Bacillus.
Bacillus proteus is known for its motility, possessing long flagella that enable it to move through liquid environments. This bacterium is facultatively anaerobic, capable of surviving in both the presence and absence of oxygen. It is also catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Bacillus proteus is characterized by its ability to ferment different carbohydrates, producing a range of metabolic byproducts that can be utilized for identification purposes.
While Bacillus proteus is considered part of the normal gut flora in humans and animals, it can also be opportunistic and cause infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. It is associated with urinary tract infections, wound infections, pneumonia, and sepsis. This bacterium expresses virulence factors such as adhesins and proteases, aiding its attachment to host tissues and the degradation of host proteins.
In laboratory settings, Bacillus proteus is studied for various purposes, including its role in bioremediation and its potential as a source of antimicrobial agents. Additionally, its ability to degrade organic compounds has attracted attention in industries such as waste management and biotechnology.
