Bacillus endocarditidis capsulatus, also known as Bacillus anthracis, is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the infectious disease known as anthrax. This highly virulent pathogen primarily affects animals, particularly herbivores, but can also infect humans. Within the genus Bacillus, B. endocarditidis capsulatus is distinguished by its ability to form a capsule, a protective layer that enables the bacterium to resist phagocytosis by immune cells.
The bacterium typically enters the body through direct contact with contaminated animal products, such as hides, wool, or meat. Inhalation of spores, ingestion of contaminated meat, or exposure of open wounds to spores can all lead to infection. Once inside the body, the spores germinate and B. endocarditidis capsulatus begins to produce toxins that cause tissue damage and inflammation.
The symptoms of anthrax vary depending on the route of exposure but commonly include high fever, chills, severe headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. The disease can progress to affect specific organs, most commonly the lungs, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the bloodstream, leading to septicemia, which is often fatal if left untreated.
Due to its potential for use in bioterrorism, B. endocarditidis capsulatus is classified as a Category A biological agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin are crucial for minimizing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, a formalin-inactivated vaccine is available to prevent anthrax infection
