Bacillus buccalis is a species of rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the genus Bacillus, which comprises a diverse group of bacteria known for their ability to form endospores, allowing them to survive in harsh conditions. The specific epithet "buccalis" refers to its primary location in the mouth, specifically in the buccal or cheek region.
Bacillus buccalis is facultatively anaerobic, meaning it can thrive in both oxygen-rich (aerobic) and oxygen-poor (anaerobic) environments. It is a part of the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity and generally does not cause any harm. However, under certain circumstances, it can become opportunistic and contribute to pathogenic processes. For example, it has been associated with dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral infections.
The bacterium's metabolism is primarily heterotrophic, meaning it obtains its nutrients by breaking down organic compounds. It can ferment various sugars, producing acid as a byproduct, which can contribute to tooth decay if its growth is not adequately controlled through regular oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing.
In summary, Bacillus buccalis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity. While it is generally harmless, it can become problematic and contribute to oral diseases under certain conditions.
