Bacillus acidi butyrici, also known as Clostridium acetobutylicum, is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus. It is anaerobic in nature, meaning it thrives in oxygen-deprived environments. The species name "acidi butyrici" refers to its ability to produce the butyric acid as one of its metabolic byproducts.
Bacillus acidi butyrici is commonly found in soil, sewage, and animal gastrointestinal tracts. It is recognized for its industrial significance due to its ability to produce a mixture of solvents, primarily acetone, ethanol, and butanol, through a process called acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. This fermentation process is considered important and valuable for various industries such as biofuel production, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.
The bacterium possesses distinct features that contribute to its significant metabolic capabilities. It possesses high tolerance to solvents and the ability to withstand pH fluctuations. Furthermore, it can utilize a wide range of carbon sources, including sugars, starch, and cellulose, making it a versatile organism for biotechnological purposes.
Bacillus acidi butyrici has been extensively studied and genetically modified to improve its production yield and efficiency. Researchers have been able to enhance the organism's characteristics in terms of heat resistance, solvent tolerance, and acid resistance. These modifications have advanced its potential in industrial bioprocessing, enabling it to serve as a valuable microorganism for eco-friendly and sustainable production methods.
