Bacillary angiomatoses, also known as Bartonella bacilliformis infection, is a rare bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis. The condition primarily affects individuals living in certain regions of South America, such as Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.
The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies, specifically Lutzomyia verrucarum. Once contracted, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, leading to the formation of multiple small blood vessel tumors called angiomatous lesions.
Symptoms of bacillary angiomatoses typically appear one to three months after infection and may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, enlarged lymph nodes, and skin lesions. These lesions can appear as raised, reddish-purple or dark purple nodules on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs.
If left untreated, bacillary angiomatoses can progress to severe illness, affecting various organ systems, including the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and central nervous system. The disease can be particularly severe in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.
Diagnosis of bacillary angiomatoses involves laboratory tests, such as blood smears or cultures, to identify the presence of Bartonella bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or azithromycin for a period of several weeks to months.
Prevention measures for bacillary angiomatoses include avoiding exposure to sandflies, using insect repellents, and wearing protective clothing, especially during dusk and dawn when sandflies are most active.
