A B cell subset refers to a specific population or subgroup of B cells, which are a type of white blood cells involved in the adaptive immune response. B cells play a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies that can recognize and neutralize foreign substances called antigens.
The concept of B cell subsets emerged from the notion that B cells are a heterogeneous population, displaying diverse surface markers, functional properties, and anatomical distribution. These subsets can be distinguished and categorized based on their expression of specific surface markers, such as CD21, CD23, CD27, and others. Different B cell subsets possess unique functions and properties, contributing to the overall functionality of the immune system.
These subsets include transitional B cells, naive B cells, memory B cells, plasma cells, and regulatory B cells (Bregs). Transitional B cells are found during the transitional phase of maturation from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation. Naive B cells are the resting, antigen-inexperienced B cells that patrol the body in search of encountering an antigen. Memory B cells are antigen-experienced B cells that have been previously activated by an antigen and can mount a rapid and enhanced response upon re-exposure to the same antigen. Plasma cells are mature B cells specialized in producing and secreting antibodies. Bregs are a unique subset of regulatory B cells that suppress or modulate the immune response.
Understanding the different B cell subsets and their respective roles is crucial in deciphering the intricacies of the immune system and developing targeted therapeutic interventions for various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and cancer.
