Azedarach, also known as Melia azedarach, is a deciduous tree belonging to the mahogany family (Meliaceae) native to the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, as well as parts of China and Southeast Asia. It is known by various common names including chinaberry, Persian lilac, or bead-tree.
The azedarach tree typically reaches a height of 15-20 meters and bears pinnately compound leaves with 5-11 leaflets. It produces fragrant, pale purple flowers that grow in clusters, giving way to spherical green fruits that turn pale yellow or white as they ripen. The fruits contain smooth, pea-sized seeds, which are highly toxic to humans and many animals if ingested.
Despite its toxic properties, azedarach has been valued for its ornamental and medicinal uses. The wood is used in furniture making, and the tree is often grown as a shade tree in parks and gardens due to its aesthetic appeal. In traditional medicine, extracts derived from azedarach have been used to treat various ailments such as fever, inflammation, and skin disorders. Additionally, it has historically been used as an insect repellent, particularly against mosquitoes.
However, it is important to note that azedarach can be invasive in certain regions, posing a threat to native ecosystems. Its ability to self-seed and spread rapidly enables it to disrupt the growth and survival of native plant species. As a result, some areas have implemented measures to control its proliferation and encourage the growth of native vegetation instead.
