The word "axilemma" is a botanical term used to refer to the outermost layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue in a plant's stem. It is pronounced /æksiˈlɛmə/, with the "a" sound in "axi" pronounced as in "cat" and the stress on the second syllable. The "x" sound in "axi" is the voiceless velar fricative and the "e" sound in "lemma" is pronounced as in "bet." The spelling of this word is unique and requires attention to detail.
The term "axilemma" refers to the outermost membrane that surrounds an axon, which is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses. It is a specialized structure that plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the axon, as well as enabling the transmission of nerve signals.
The axilemma is a semipermeable membrane that separates the cytoplasm within the axon from the extracellular fluid surrounding it. This membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer, similar to most cell membranes, which provides stability and insulation for the axon. It contains various types of proteins, including ion channels and pumps that regulate the flow of ions in and out of the axon. These ion channels are particularly important for the transmission of electrical signals along the axon.
Furthermore, the axilemma acts as a barrier, preventing the leakage of ions and other substances that could disrupt the delicate balance of ions within the axon. It also helps maintain the axon's distinct polarity, with different concentrations of ions and organelles at the axon's ends. This allows for the proper functioning of the axon, facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
In summary, the axilemma is the membrane that encapsulates and safeguards the axon, ensuring its structural integrity and facilitating the transmission of nerve signals.
A delicate membrane surrounding the axis cylinder of a nerve-fiber.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.