Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (AILTV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen that primarily affects birds of the order Galliformes, including chickens, turkeys, and pheasants. It is a species-specific virus, meaning it mainly targets poultry and does not pose a significant risk to humans or other mammals.
The virus belongs to the family Herpesviridae, genus Iltovirus, and is characterized by causing respiratory tract infections in infected birds. AILTV is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets, but can also be spread indirectly through contaminated surfaces or materials. The virus has a relatively short survival time in the environment, ranging from a few hours to a few days, depending on factors such as temperature and humidity.
Infection with AILTV can lead to a wide range of clinical signs, including respiratory distress, coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, tracheal rales, and in severe cases, gasping. Affected birds may also exhibit decreased feed consumption, reduced egg production, and poor growth rates. Mortality rates can vary, but in some cases, it can be as high as 70%.
To control the spread of AILTV, vaccination programs using attenuated live vaccines are commonly implemented in poultry flocks. Strict biosecurity measures, such as preventing contact with wild birds and regular disinfection of facilities, are also crucial in preventing the introduction and spread of the virus.
Due to its high contagiousness and potential economic impact on the poultry industry, prompt identification and strict control measures are essential to mitigate the effects of Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus outbreaks.
