Avascular necrosis of bone, also referred to as osteonecrosis or ischemic necrosis, is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. It occurs when there is an interruption or reduction in blood flow to a particular bone, resulting in cellular death and subsequent collapse of the affected bone.
The condition can affect any bone in the body, with commonly affected areas including the hip joint, knee, shoulder, and ankles. Avascular necrosis can occur as a result of various factors, including trauma, joint dislocation, excessive alcohol consumption, long-term use of corticosteroid medications, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or certain medical conditions like sickle cell disease, lupus, or pancreatitis.
Early symptoms of avascular necrosis may be nonexistent, and as the condition progresses, individuals may experience pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and joint dysfunction. If left untreated, the affected bone may collapse or break, leading to severe disability and chronic pain.
Treatment options for avascular necrosis include both conservative and surgical approaches. Conservative treatment aims to reduce pain and maintain function through pain-relieving medications, physical therapy, and the use of assistive devices. Surgery may be required if the bone has collapsed or if there is a high risk of collapse. Surgical interventions may include core decompression, bone grafting, joint replacement, or joint-preserving procedures.
Overall, avascular necrosis of bone is a serious condition that affects the integrity and function of the affected bone due to inadequate blood supply. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help prevent further bone damage and preserve joint function.
