Automatic ventricular contractions, also known as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), refer to abnormal heart rhythms characterized by early contractions originating in the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. These contractions occur outside the regular pattern of the heart's normal electrical signal, causing an irregular beat. PVCs are classified as abnormal rhythms because they disrupt the normal coordination of the heart's electrical system.
Usually, the heart's electrical signals start in the sinoatrial (SA) node, commonly referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker, and then travel through the atria (upper chambers) and the atrioventricular (AV) node (a bridge between the atria and ventricles) to regulate the heart's rhythm. However, in cases of automatic ventricular contractions, an abnormal focus within the ventricles generates an electrical impulse that precedes the normal heartbeat, causing a premature contraction.
These contractions can be perceived as a fluttering, pounding, or skipped heartbeat sensation. While single PVCs are common and generally harmless, frequent or sustained PVCs might indicate an underlying heart condition, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or electrolyte imbalances. In some cases, excessive PVCs can lead to ventricular tachycardia, a more serious arrhythmia.
Medical professionals may use various diagnostic tests, including electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and stress tests, to determine the cause and severity of automatic ventricular contractions. Treatment options may focus on addressing any underlying conditions or triggers contributing to the PVCs. In severe cases, antiarrhythmic medications or catheter ablation procedures might be necessary to maintain a regular heart rhythm.
