Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is a viral disease that belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae and the genus Lyssavirus. It is closely related to the classical rabies virus and is found exclusively in bats in Australia. ABLV can be transmitted to humans and other mammals through bites or scratches from infected animals, particularly fruit bats, also known as flying foxes. It causes a potentially fatal illness termed Australian bat lyssavirus disease (ABLV disease) in humans.
The symptoms of ABLV disease in humans often include fever, weakness, delirium, headache, and paralysis. As the infection progresses, individuals may develop confusion, hallucinations, and difficulty swallowing. In advanced stages, ABLV disease can lead to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), causing seizures, respiratory failure, and death.
Prevention and control of Australian bat lyssavirus primarily involve public health measures, such as avoiding contact with bats, especially if they appear sick or injured. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if someone has been bitten or scratched by a bat, as post-exposure prophylaxis (a series of vaccinations and sometimes immunoglobulin) can prevent the onset of the disease.
In conclusion, Australian bat lyssavirus is a zoonotic viral disease found in bats in Australia that has the potential to cause a severe and potentially deadly illness in humans. Vigilance in avoiding contact with bats and prompt medical care following exposure are essential to reduce the risk and impact of this disease.
