Atypical Mycobacterium, also known as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), refers to a group of bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium that cause infections in humans but are distinct from the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). These mycobacteria do not fit into the usual classification of tuberculosis-causing bacteria, hence the term "atypical." Atypical Mycobacterium comprises various species, including Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Mycobacterium fortuitum, among others.
Unlike tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria, atypical mycobacteria are commonly found in the environment, including soil, water, and various animals. They can infect humans through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with contaminated materials or wounds. While most individuals encounter atypical mycobacteria without developing any signs of infection, people with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, or chronic lung diseases, are more susceptible to these infections.
Atypical Mycobacterium infections can affect various body systems, including the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, and other soft tissues. Symptoms vary depending on the species and site of infection but can include fever, cough, shortness of breath, weight loss, skin lesions, and swollen glands.
Diagnosing atypical mycobacterial infections typically involves a combination of laboratory tests, such as culturing the bacteria, molecular testing, and imaging studies. Treatment often involves a combination of antibiotics specific to the identified species, and the duration of therapy can vary depending on the extent and severity of the infection.
Overall, atypical mycobacterium infections represent a diverse group of bacteria that can cause various clinical presentations and require
