ATOMS Meaning and
Definition
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Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter and the smallest identifiable unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. They are the basic constituents of all matter and are composed of subatomic particles – namely, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms are extremely tiny, with diameters typically on the order of a few angstroms (10^-10 meters).
Each atom is characterized by a specific number of protons in its nucleus, called the atomic number, which determines the element to which it belongs. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is known as the mass number, which helps to identify different isotopes of an element. Electrons, which orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells, are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms.
The behavior of atoms is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics, which describe the probability distributions for finding electrons in different regions around the nucleus. These distributions give rise to various atomic properties such as size, shape, and reactivity. Atoms can combine with one another via chemical bonds to form molecules or compounds.
Although individual atoms are too small to observe directly, their existence has been confirmed through various experimental techniques and advancements in scientific understanding. The study of atoms and their interactions forms the basis of chemistry and provides insights into the nature of matter and its behavior at the most fundamental level.
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Etymology of ATOMS
The word "atoms" has its origins in ancient Greek. It is derived from the Greek word "atomos", which means "indivisible" or "uncuttable". This name was first coined by the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus around the 5th century BC, who proposed that all matter is ultimately composed of extremely small and indivisible particles called atoms. The term "atomos" was used to emphasize the idea that these particles could not be divided any further.
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