Astad, derived from the Sanskrit word "ashtadasha," is a term popularly used in Indian classical music to refer to a specific grouping of eight notes or tones within an octave. It represents a distinct melodic framework or scale that serves as a basis for many musical compositions.
In the Indian classical music tradition, the octave is divided into twelve semitones, known as swaras. Each swara is represented by a unique letter, and when combined in a specific sequence, they form a raga, which encapsulates a specific mood or emotion. The astad or ashtadasha is one of the most fundamental ragas in this system, representing a set pattern of eight swaras.
The astad consists of the seven natural notes, namely Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni, as well as a special note called the Tivra Ma. This arrangement creates a unique tonal structure that differentiates astad from other ragas. Musicians use this framework to explore various melodic expressions through intricate ornamentation and improvisation, as well as to compose music within the constraints of this musical scale.
In addition to its significance in classical music, the astad also finds application in various other art forms, such as dance, where it serves as a foundation for choreography and rhythm. The raga astad, with its distinctive set of swaras, enriches the artistic landscape, allowing artists to captivate audiences with its melodic intricacies and emotional depth.
