Askenazy cells refer to a specific type of cells found in the central nervous system of vertebrates, particularly in the mammalian brain. These cells are named after the neurologist Shubert Askenazy, who first described them in his research.
Askenazy cells are a type of glial cells, which are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to the neurons in the brain. More specifically, they are a subtype of astrocytes, a group of glial cells that fulfill various roles in maintaining the brain's homeostasis.
These cells are characterized by their unique morphological and functional features. Askenazy cells possess elongated processes that extend from their cell bodies, giving them a star-like appearance. These processes establish connections with nearby neurons and blood vessels, contributing to their essential functions.
The primary role of Askenazy cells is thought to involve the regulation of blood flow to different brain regions. They have been observed to have contractile properties, being able to compress local blood vessels when activated. By doing so, Askenazy cells can modulate the blood supply to specific brain areas, thereby affecting the delivery of oxygen and nutrients necessary for neuronal activity.
Furthermore, Askenazy cells are also involved in the regulation of extracellular potassium levels. They can uptake excess potassium released during neuronal firing, preventing its accumulation and maintaining the optimal ionic environment for neuronal function.
Overall, Askenazy cells play a crucial role in maintaining the overall homeostasis of the brain by regulating blood flow and extracellular potassium levels, contributing to the proper functioning of neuronal circuits.
