ASD is an abbreviation for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. It is commonly diagnosed in childhood and affects individuals throughout their lives.
ASD encompasses a range of symptoms and severity, leading to the term "spectrum". People with ASD may exhibit difficulties in social interaction, such as impaired nonverbal communication, difficulty understanding social cues, forming and maintaining relationships, and sharing emotions. They may also engage in repetitive behaviors, have intense fixations on certain topics, or show highly specific interests.
Some individuals with ASD may have sensory sensitivities, experiencing hyper- or hypo-reactiveness to sensory stimuli like noise, touch, or light. They may also have specific language impairments, or either above-average or below-average cognitive abilities. Symptoms usually appear in early childhood and may impact various aspects of an individual's life, including academic, occupational, and social functioning.
While the exact cause of ASD is unclear, researchers believe it is a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early detection and intervention can greatly improve outcomes for individuals with ASD, helping them develop effective communication and social skills, manage challenges, and lead fulfilling lives. Treatment approaches may include behavioral interventions, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and educational supports tailored to the individual's needs.
