Ascaris vermicularis, commonly known as the human pinworm or threadworm, is a parasitic roundworm commonly found in the intestine of humans, particularly children. It is one of the most common parasitic worms in humans worldwide. This species is from the phylum Nematoda, belonging to the family Ascarididae.
Adult female Ascaris vermicularis worms are typically about 8 to 13 millimeters in length, while the males are slightly smaller, measuring around 2 to 5 millimeters. They have a slender, elongated shape and a characteristic pointed tail, giving them a thread-like appearance. The worms reproduce by mating, and the fertilized eggs are passed in the feces of an infected individual.
The life cycle of Ascaris vermicularis begins when eggs are ingested through contaminated food, water, or objects. After ingestion, the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and immature larvae migrate to the large intestine. From there, they mature into adult worms, which inhabit the lower part of the small intestine and occasionally the appendix. Female worms migrate towards the perianal region during the night to deposit their eggs on the skin surrounding the anus, causing intense itching.
Transmission occurs when eggs are accidentally swallowed after scratching the anal area, leading to reinfection or spreading to other individuals. While infection with Ascaris vermicularis is generally considered mild, heavy infestations can cause a range of symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, and irritability.
Treatment typically involves administering anthelmintic medication to eliminate the worms and prevent further transmission. Strict hygiene practices, including regular handwashing, proper sanitation, and thorough cleaning, are crucial to preventing the spread of this parasitic infection.
