Ascaris is a genus of parasitic roundworms belonging to the phylum Nematoda. These worms are commonly known as large intestinal roundworms or simply ascarids. They are among the most prevalent human intestinal parasites worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.
The adult form of Ascaris is cylindrical and measures around 15-40 centimeters in length, with males being smaller than females. They have a smooth, whitish or pinkish colored body and a tapered end. Ascaris worms typically inhabit the small intestine of infected individuals, where they attach themselves to the intestinal wall using their strong muscular mouthparts.
The life cycle of Ascaris begins when unembryonated eggs are ingested through contaminated food or water. Once inside the human host, these eggs hatch and release larvae in the small intestine. The freshly hatched larvae then penetrate the intestinal wall, enter the bloodstream, and migrate to the lungs. In the lungs, they further develop, break into the airways, and are eventually swallowed. Upon reaching the small intestine again, the larvae mature into adult worms, allowing them to reproduce and complete the life cycle.
In humans, an infection with Ascaris can cause a condition known as ascariasis, which is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, and fatigue. Severe infestations can lead to complications such as intestinal blockages or malnutrition, particularly in children.
Control and prevention of Ascaris infections involve improved sanitation, access to clean water, proper hygiene practices, and regular deworming treatments using anthelmintic medications.
