Arterio Arterial Fistula (AAF) is a medical term used to describe an abnormal connection or passageway between two arteries. It is a type of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. Unlike AVFs, AAFs involve the connection between two arteries, rather than an artery and a vein.
In a normal circulatory system, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the various tissues in the body. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. However, in the case of an AAF, there is an abnormal direct connection between two arteries, bypassing the normal capillary network. This creates a shortcut for blood flow, which can lead to altered blood pressure and an increase in blood flow.
AAF can occur spontaneously or may be caused by trauma, infection, or a surgical procedure. The condition is relatively rare but can have serious consequences if left untreated. Symptoms of AAF can vary depending on the location and size of the abnormal connection, but commonly include high blood pressure, pulsating masses, and compromised blood flow to surrounding tissues.
Treatment for AAF typically involves surgical intervention to repair or close off the abnormal connection. The specific procedure will depend on the location and complexity of the AAF. If left untreated, AAF can lead to serious complications such as organ damage, aneurysm formation, or even rupture, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for the prevention of these complications.
