Arterial occlusive diseases, also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD), refer to a group of disorders characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the extremities, particularly the legs. These conditions impede the normal blood flow, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected areas. Arterial occlusive diseases primarily result from atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances accumulate on the inner walls of arteries, forming plaques.
The common symptoms of arterial occlusive diseases include intermittent claudication, which is leg pain or cramping during physical activity that typically eases with rest. Other symptoms may include coldness, numbness, weakness, or a tingling sensation in the legs, as well as slow-healing wounds or sores on the feet and legs. In severe cases, gangrene or tissue death may occur.
Arterial occlusive diseases pose a significant risk for complications, including heart attack, stroke, and limb ischemia, which is a severe restriction of blood flow to the extremities. Diagnosis often involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like ultrasound or angiography.
Treatment options for arterial occlusive diseases aim to manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and reduce the risk of complications. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, and a healthy diet are crucial. Medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood clotting may be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the affected area.
