How Do You Spell ARTD?
Pronunciation: [ˈɑːtd] (IPA) 
Correct spelling for the English word "ARTD" is [ˈɑːtd], [ˈɑːtd], [ˈɑː_t_d] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
Pronunciation: [ˈɑːtd] (IPA)
Correct spelling for the English word "ARTD" is [ˈɑːtd], [ˈɑːtd], [ˈɑː_t_d] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
ARTD stands for "ADP-ribosyl transferase diphtheria toxin-like" or "ADP-ribosyltransferase domain-containing protein." It refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the reaction between NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and various substrates, transferring the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ to the acceptor molecule. This covalent modification is known as ADP-ribosylation.
ARTDs are commonly found in various organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes, including humans. They play crucial roles in processes like DNA repair, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and cellular responses to stress and genotoxic agents. Through ADP-ribosylation, ARTD enzymes regulate the activity, localization, and/or stability of target proteins.
The ADP-ribosylation reaction catalyzed by ARTDs is characterized by the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ to a specific amino acid residue within the target protein. This modification can influence the target protein's function by altering its conformation, protein-protein interactions, or binding to other molecules. Therefore, ARTDs are essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis and governing various cellular processes.
ARTDs have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. Modulating their activity or targeting specific ARTDs has been an attractive research avenue for potential therapeutic interventions.
Overall, ARTDs are a family of enzymes that catalyze ADP-ribosylation reactions, exerting significant control over crucial cellular processes and offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention in various diseases.
