The spelling of Artaxerxes I can be a bit tricky to master. Pronounced as "ahr-tuh-zerk-seez", the name is of Persian origin and refers to the ruler of the Achaemenid Empire. The use of "x" instead of "ks" is due to the influence of Greek language on Persian names during the Hellenistic period. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), Artaxerxes I is transcribed as /ɑrˈtæk.sərksiz/. Remembering the correct spelling and pronunciation of historical figures is crucial for proper communication and understanding of world history.
Artaxerxes I, also known as Artaxerxes Longimanus, was a Persian king who ruled from 465 to 424 BCE during the Achaemenid Empire. He was the son of Xerxes I and Amestris, and succeeded his father after his assassination.
Artaxerxes I is a significant figure in Persian history, known for his reign marked by stability and consolidation of the empire. His policies focused on maintaining internal peace and fostering economic growth. He successfully quelled rebellions and restored order in various provinces, promoting unity within the empire.
Artaxerxes I played a pivotal role in Persian foreign affairs, particularly with Greece. He negotiated the Peace of Callias, ending the conflict between Persia and Athens, ensuring stability in the empire's western front. Furthermore, he supported the construction of the Athenian Walls, securing the city against potential future invasions.
Under his rule, Artaxerxes implemented administrative reforms and expanded the reach of the Persian administration. He appointed satraps, provincial governors, and ensured the efficient collection of taxes, which contributed to the empire's prosperity.
Artaxerxes I is also mentioned in the biblical texts of Ezra and Nehemiah, where his support of the Jewish community and their return to Jerusalem is documented. His reign is often regarded as a time of religious tolerance and cultural exchange.
Overall, Artaxerxes I was a Persian king known for his capable governance, fostering stability, and promoting economic growth within the Achaemenid Empire. His diplomatic efforts and administrative reforms left a lasting impact on Persia and its interaction with neighboring regions.
The word "Artaxerxes I" is derived from the Persian language. It consists of two elements:
1. "Artakhsher" or "Artakhshathra" (اَردَشِير) - This Persian name means "righteous ruler" or "one whose rule is based on truth". It is a combination of the words "arta" (truth) and "khshathra" (ruler).
2. "Xšayāršā" (خشايارشا) - This term means "king" or "ruler" in Old Persian.
When combined, "Artakhsher-Xšayāršā" translates as "King Artaxerxes" or "Righteous Ruler Artaxerxes".