Arikara, also known as the Arikaree or Sakakawea, refers to a Native American tribe that historically resided in the Great Plains of North America. The Arikara people are part of the larger Caddoan language family and are known for their distinctive culture and traditions.
The Arikara tribe, which derived its name from the Hidatsa word "arixúkka," meaning "horns," originally inhabited the central Dakotas region along the Missouri River. They were an agricultural society, primarily cultivating corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers. Additionally, the Arikara people engaged in bison hunting, which provided them with vital resources.
Culturally, the Arikara were organized into various kinship clans, with leadership roles passed down through familial lines. They had a rich oral tradition, passing down historical narratives and legends through storytelling. The Arikara also had well-developed artistic skills, crafting pottery, beadwork, and quillwork.
Historically, the Arikara had both cooperative and antagonistic relations with other Native American tribes and European settlers. They formed alliances with the Mandan and Hidatsa tribes, collectively known as the Three Affiliated Tribes, for mutual defense against neighboring hostile tribes and settlers. However, conflicts with European settlers, particularly during the fur trade era, led to gradual displacement and loss of traditional lands.
Today, the Arikara people continue to maintain their cultural heritage and promote their traditions. They are federally recognized as the Arikara Nation and have a reservation located in North Dakota. The Arikara language, which is endangered, is being revitalized through community efforts, and they continue to participate in Native American events and ceremonies to preserve their identity.
