The phrase "are turned by" is spelled using the International Phonetic Alphabet as /ɑːr tɜːnd baɪ/. The vowel sound in "are" is represented by the symbol /ɑː/ which is a long, open back unrounded vowel. The sound of the letter "e" in "turned" is represented by the symbol /ɜː/, which is a mid-central vowel. The word "by" is pronounced with a short "i" sound /aɪ/ and is followed by a glottal stop, which is represented by the symbol /ʔ/.
"Are turned by" is a phrase typically used to explain the process of or the mechanism through which something is affected or influenced by a certain force, action, or event. This expression indicates that a particular subject or object undergoes a transformation or experiences a change as a consequence of external factors. The phrase "are turned by" implies an active role played by the external forces in altering the condition, situation, or direction of the subject.
For instance, if we consider the statement, "The tides are turned by the gravitational pull of the moon," we understand that the tides, which naturally rise and fall due to the gravitational forces of the moon, experience a change in their behavior. The phrase highlights that the moon's gravitational pull is responsible for altering the regular movement and patterns of the tides.
Similarly, the phrase "are turned by" can be used in various contexts to explain cause and effect relationships. It emphasizes that a particular factor or entity has the power to redirect, shift, or influence the subject's state or behavior. By using "are turned by," we acknowledge the external influence as the driving force behind a significant change or outcome.