Arctogaea is a term that refers to a biogeographical realm, specifically the northern part of the Earth's landmasses. It is one of the major ecozones, also known as the Holarctic realm or boreal realm, encompassing regions primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere.
The concept of Arctogaea is derived from the prefix "arcto-" meaning "north" and "gaea" referring to "Earth." It represents the collection of continents, islands, and land areas that are found in the northern latitudes, including North America, Europe, Asia (excluding the Indian subcontinent), and the northern parts of Africa.
The biota found in Arctogaea is characterized by its extreme climatic conditions, including long, cold winters and short summers, resulting in unique adaptations in plants and animals. The region consists of several distinct biomes, such as the boreal forests, tundra, and taiga, which are home to various species of flora and fauna.
Arctogaea is recognized for its diverse range of wildlife, including iconic species such as polar bears, reindeer, wolves, and many migratory birds. The realm also contains a significant portion of the world's boreal forests, which play a crucial role in global climate regulation and provide habitat for numerous species.
In the context of biogeography, Arctogaea serves as an important concept to categorize and understand the natural distribution of plants and animals on Earth. It represents a unique and distinct realm known for its northern locations and distinct ecological characteristics.
