Arctiidae is a taxonomic family of moths belonging to the order Lepidoptera. It is commonly known as the tiger moth family. The family consists of approximately 11,000 known species, making it one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera order. Arctiidae moths are distributed globally, found in various habitats from tropical rainforests to temperate regions.
These moths are characterized by distinct coloration patterns on their wings, often displaying bright colors and bold spots or stripes, resembling the appearance of tigers or other predators. This unique coloration serves as a defense mechanism to deter potential predators by warning of their toxic or unpleasant taste.
Arctiidae moths undergo complete metamorphosis, including four distinct life stages of egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult. The caterpillars of tiger moths are known for their dense and hairy covering, which serves several functions, such as protection against predators, camouflage, and thermoregulation.
Though many species of Arctiidae moths are harmless, some possess toxic chemicals or venomous spines, which they have gained through their respective plant host associations. This toxicity is another layer of defense against predators and helps these moth species thrive in their respective niches.
Many species of Arctiidae are considered pests as their larvae feed on various crops, including agriculture, forestry, and ornamental plants. This has led to the development of control measures and study of their biology to minimize their negative impact on human activities. Nevertheless, Arctiidae moths play crucial ecological roles as pollinators and as a food source for other organisms within their ecosystems.
