Arbutus uva-ursi, commonly known as bearberry, is a low-growing evergreen shrub native to various regions across North America, Europe, and Asia. It belongs to the Ericaceae family and is specifically classified under the genus Arbutus.
The plant typically reaches a height of 10 to 30 centimeters and spreads horizontally through underground rhizomes, forming a dense ground cover. The leaves of Arbutus uva-ursi are small, leathery, and shiny, often resembling the shape of a spade or an ellipse. They have a dark green color and turn a reddish hue during cold weather.
Arbutus uva-ursi is well-known for its medicinal properties and has been used for centuries in herbal medicine. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, including arbutin, tannins, flavonoids, and hydroquinones, which contribute to its therapeutic actions. Traditionally, the leaves of Arbutus uva-ursi have been used as a diuretic, astringent, and antiseptic.
The main traditional use of Arbutus uva-ursi is for urinary tract health. It is believed to help reduce inflammation and fight against urinary tract infections, such as cystitis and urethritis. The active compound arbutin is metabolized into hydroquinones in the urinary system, providing antimicrobial properties. Bearberry preparations are available in various forms, including teas, capsules, and tinctures.
While Arbutus uva-ursi has a long history of traditional use, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using it for medicinal purposes. Excessive or prolonged use may lead to side effects such as digestive disturbances, skin irritation, or liver toxicity
