The word "arahant" is a commonly used term in Buddhism to refer to a person who has achieved enlightenment. Its spelling, according to the International Phonetic Alphabet or IPA, is /əˈrɑhənt/. The first syllable is pronounced as "uh", the second is "rah", and the last syllable is pronounced as "huhnt". The letter "h" is silent in the final syllable, and the stress is on the second syllable. Accurate pronunciation of this word is important in Buddhist circles as it conveys respect for the teachings and traditions of the religion.
An arahant is a significant spiritual term in Buddhism that refers to a person who has attained the highest level of spiritual awakening and liberation from the cycle of birth and death, known as samsara. The term is commonly translated as "one who is worthy" or "one who is deserving."
According to Buddhist teachings, an arahant is someone who has eradicated all defilements and cravings that cause suffering and ignorance. This profound state of enlightenment is achieved through the diligent practice and development of virtues such as wisdom, compassion, and mindfulness. An arahant is free from the bonds of greed, hatred, and delusion, and has attained an unshakable state of inner peace and liberation from suffering.
The attainment of arahantship is considered a rare and extraordinary accomplishment. The arahant, also referred to as a perfected being, is seen as a role model for others on the spiritual path. Their wisdom and compassion serve as an inspiration for seekers of truth, guiding them towards their own liberation.
The concept of arahant can be found in various Buddhist traditions, though the precise understanding and interpretation may differ. In Theravada Buddhism, for example, arahantship is considered the highest goal and final destination of the spiritual journey. In Mahayana Buddhism, the concept is expanded to include bodhisattvas, who delay their personal liberation in order to help all other beings achieve enlightenment.
The word "arahant" is derived from Pali, which is an ancient Indian language closely related to Sanskrit. In Pali, "arahant" is spelled as "arahanta" (अरहन्त).
The etymology of the term can be understood by breaking it down into two parts:
1. "Ara" (अर) - The prefix "ara" implies "removal" or "no more". It signifies the removal or elimination of various mental defilements, cravings, and attachments. Thus, "ara" in "arahant" represents the eradication of all defilements and impurities.
2. "Hant" (हन्त) - The word "hant" means "destroyer" or "slayer". It is derived from the Sanskrit root "han" (हन्), which signifies "to kill" or "to defeat".