Apnoea, also spelled as apnea, is a medical term that refers to the temporary cessation or pause in breathing, particularly during sleep. It is characterized by the inability to breathe normally and can lead to significant disruptions in sleep patterns, often resulting in daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Apnoea can occur due to various reasons, including respiratory muscle weakness, obstructions in the airways, and neurological disorders.
Two common types of apnoea are obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA). OSA is the more prevalent type and results from the partial or complete blockage of the upper airway, causing episodes of interrupted breathing during sleep. It is often accompanied by loud snoring, gasping, or choking sounds. On the other hand, CSA occurs when the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing, causing breathing disruptions without any apparent blockages in the airway.
Apnoea can have various negative effects on an individual's health. It can result in decreased oxygen levels in the blood, which puts strain on the heart and may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. It can also lead to chronic fatigue, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and even complications such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.
Treatment options for apnoea depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. They can include lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and avoiding alcohol and sedatives, as well as the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices or oral appliances to maintain open airways during sleep. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended to correct anatomical abnormalities. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing apnoea to improve sleep quality, alleviate symptoms, and minimize associated health
