Pronunciation: [ˈe͡ɪpɛks stˈə͡ʊn] (IPA) 
The word "apex stone" is spelled /ˈeɪpɛks stoʊn/, according to the IPA phonetic transcription. The first part of the word, "apex," is pronounced with a long "a" sound as in "cake" and a soft "x" sound. The second part, "stone," is pronounced with a short "o" sound as in "on" and a silent "e" at the end. The term "apex stone" refers to the highest point of a structure or mountain, typically where two sloping sides meet.
Apex stone, also referred to as keystone, is a crucial architectural element used in the construction of arches, vaults, and other masonry structures. It is the final, central stone that completes the arch or vault and bears the maximum load and pressure, ensuring stability and structural integrity.
The apex stone is positioned at the highest point of an arch, where the two sides of the arch meet. It often has a distinctive shape, tapering to a point or sometimes featuring decorative carvings. Due to its strategic placement, the apex stone plays a crucial role in distributing the weight and forces exerted on the structure, effectively transferring them down the sides of the arch or vault to the supporting pillars or walls.
One of the key functions of the apex stone is to prevent the lateral spreading or collapse of the structure by pushing the sides of the arch or vault against each other. It functions as a wedge, creating compression forces that keep the structure stable despite the downward pressure it experiences.
Historically, apex stones were crafted from durable materials such as limestone, granite, or marble, chosen for their strength and stability. With advancements in construction techniques and materials, modern apex stones may also be made from concrete or other synthetic materials, depending on the design and intended use of the structure.
In summary, an apex stone is a central, load-bearing stone that completes an arch or vault, ensuring stability by distributing forces and preventing lateral spreading or collapse.
The word "apex" originated from Latin, where "apex" means "summit" or "peak". It was frequently used to describe the highest point or topmost part of something.
The term "apex stone" specifically refers to the highest point or peak of a stone or mineral. The etymology of "stone" can be traced back to the Old English word "stan", which has its origins in the Proto-Germanic language. It evolved into the Middle English "stōn" before becoming the modern English "stone".
