The Apeu virus is a zoonotic virus belonging to the Arenaviridae family, which primarily affects humans and non-human primates. It was first identified in 1957 in the state of Para in Brazil, near the Apeu River, from which its name derives. The virus is transmitted to humans through contact with infected excreta or secretions of rodent species, particularly the Mastomys rodents, which serve as the natural reservoirs.
The Apeu virus is characterized by causing a severe febrile illness known as Apeu virus fever, which manifests with symptoms such as high fever, headache, muscle pain, and malaise. In more severe cases, it can progress to hemorrhagic fever, where patients may experience bleeding manifestations such as petechiae and ecchymosis. The virus predominantly affects rural populations, particularly those involved in farming, hunting, or living in close proximity to rodent-infested areas.
Diagnosis of Apeu virus infection is typically performed through laboratory testing of blood samples, using serological techniques to detect specific antibodies or viral genetic material. Treatment primarily centers around supportive care, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Apeu virus infection.
Prevention and control strategies focus on rodent control measures, such as avoiding contact with rodents and their excreta, proper food storage, and maintaining hygienic living conditions. Public health awareness campaigns are also essential in educating communities at risk about the transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures against Apeu virus infection.
