APERTURE SYNTHESIS Meaning and
Definition
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Aperture synthesis is a technique used in radio astronomy to create a large virtual radio telescope by combining signals from multiple smaller antennas or telescope elements. It is a computational method that allows astronomers to obtain high-resolution images of celestial objects with a level of detail that would not be achievable with a single radio antenna.
In aperture synthesis, multiple antennas are positioned in an array, covering a larger area and separating them by known distances. These antennas collect radio waves from a celestial source, which are then digitized and recorded. The recorded signals are combined and processed using complex algorithms to create an image of the observed object with a resolution equivalent to that of a single antenna with a much larger diameter.
The key principle behind aperture synthesis is the concept of interferometry, which exploits the interference patterns between the signals collected by the different elements of the array. The signals captured by each antenna are combined in such a way that they reconstruct the interference pattern, thus replicating the characteristics of a single, large antenna.
By combining the signals captured by multiple antennas, aperture synthesis enhances the resolving power of radio telescopes, making it possible to observe fine details in distant celestial objects. This technique has revolutionized the field of radio astronomy, enabling the study of phenomena such as pulsars, quasars, and cosmic microwave background radiation, as well as providing valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of galaxies and other astronomical objects.
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Etymology of APERTURE SYNTHESIS
The word "aperture" originates from the Latin word "apertūra", which means "opening" or "hole". It refers to the opening or gap through which light passes in optics and photography.
The term "synthesis" comes from the Greek roots "sun" and "thesis", meaning "to put together" or "to combine". In various scientific and technical contexts, synthesis denotes the process of combining or merging multiple elements to create a whole.
Therefore, "aperture synthesis" in the field of astronomy refers to a technique that involves combining the signals received from multiple telescopes or antennae, effectively creating a larger virtual aperture. This technique allows for higher resolution and the ability to study celestial objects with greater detail.
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